Feast of Yom Kippur 5770 (September 28, 2009)
year 2009, Yom Kippur fell Sept. 28, 2009 (the day before the holiday begins: Sept. 27).
Commemoration dead officiature 5770 and 5770 hours
torah readings (time services and Torah readings)
Yom Kippur is the Jewish religious festival that celebrates the day of 'Atonement. The Torah is called Yom haKippurim (Hebrew, "Day of the explants). It is one of the so-called Yamim Noraim (Hebrew, literally "terrible days," more properly "days of awe"). The Yamim Noraim ranging from Rosh Hashanah to Yom Kippur, which are respectively the first two days and the last day of the Ten Days of Repentance.
In the Jewish calendar Yom Kippur begins at sunset of the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tishri (which falls between September and October of the Gregorian calendar) and continues until the early stars of the next night. It can then last for 25-26 hours.
Source biblical
The rite of Yom Kippur is described four times in the sixteenth chapter of Leviticus (see Exodus 30, 10, Leviticus 23, 27-31 and 25, 9, Numbers 29:7-11). At the time of the First and Second Temple of Jerusalem were offered the sacrifices described in the Torah and the Mishnah. In Jewish thought
Yom Kippur is the Jewish day of penitence, is considered the holiest Jewish day and solemn of the year. The central theme is atonement and reconciliation. It is forbidden to eat, drink, wash, wear makeup, wear leather shoes and have sex. Fasting - total abstinence from food and drink - begins a few moments before sunset (call tosefet Yom Kippur - Addition to Yom Kippur - the addition of a small part of the day before the fasting is prescribed by Halakha), and ends after sunset following the appearance of the first stars. Sick people consult competent rabbinic authority in advance to see if their state to be exempt from fasting.
The service begins with the Kol Nidre prayer (text, sung prayer) to be recited before sunset. Kol Nidre (Aramaic word meaning "all pledges") is the cancellation of all votes pronounced during the year. According to The Jewish Encyclopedia, the text of the prayer reads: "All vows, commitments, oaths and curses that are called 'konami', 'Konas', or by any other name, we may have uttered or for which we be committed shall be deleted from this day of repentance until the next (whose arrival is awaited with joy), we will regret. "
Yom Kippur completes the penitential period of ten days began with the New Year of Rosh Hashanah. Although the prayers with which he asks forgiveness are recommended throughout the year, become particularly felt on this day.
The morning prayer is preceded by some litanies selihot calls and requests for forgiveness, the day of Yom Kippur it is added in abundance in the liturgy.
According to Moses Maimonides "It all depends on what a man deserves to be deleted demerits that weigh on his behalf", then it is desirable to increase our good deeds before the final count made the Day of Atonement (ib. iii. 4). Those whom God deemed worthy will enter in the Book of Life, the prayer reads: "We enter the Book of Life." Also stated the wish "May you be in writing (in the Book of Life) for a happy year." In the correspondence between New Year and the Day of Atonement, the writer concludes, usually, and wish the sender that God approves of his desire for happiness. In late Judaism some special features of New Year's Day were transferred to the Day of Atonement. The Day of Atonement
survived abandonment of sacrificial practices of the year 70 CE. "Though no sacrifices be offered, the day will maintain its own effect of atonement" (Midrash Sifra, Emor, xiv.). The Jewish texts teach that in this day is not allowed to be carried out other activity that is not repentance. Repentance is the necessary condition for all the various meanings of atonement. The confession of the penitent is a condition required for the atonement. "The Day of Atonement absolves from sins before God, but not to the victim until she gets explicit forgiveness from the same" (Talmud Yoma viii. 9). It is customary to end any dispute or litigation in the wake of days of fasting. Even the souls of the dead are included in the community of forgiven on the Day of Atonement. It is a costume for children who have lost their parents to receive public mention in the synagogue, and to provide charitable gifts to their souls.
Contrary to popular belief, Yom Kippur is not a sad day. Sephardic Jews, or Jews of English, Portuguese or North African holiday is called the "Fast White. "Consequently, many Jews have the custom of wearing only white clothes, symbolizing the purity of their souls.
The liturgy for evening prayers is wearing a Talledo (a rectangular prayer shawl), and this is the only evening service of the year when this happens. Ne'ilah is a special service held only on Yom Kippur, and then closes. Yom Kippur ends with the sounding of the shofar, which concludes the celebration. It is always observed a day off, both inside and outside the boundaries of the land of Israel.
The service begins at the synagogue on Christmas Eve with the Kol Nidre. The devotions are continuous throughout the day from morning to evening. Much importance is given to the liturgical passage which tells the ceremonial of the temple.
According to the Talmud, God opens three books on the first day of the year, Rosh Hashana, one for the absolute evil, absolute good for another, and the third for the great middle class. The fate of absolute good and evil is determined at that time, the fate of the intermediate class is suspended until Yom Kippur, when everyone's fate is decided. The liturgical passage Unetanneh Tokef says
"Do Re, are seated on a throne of mercy to condemn the world, at the same time Judge, Pleader, Expert Witness and, open the Book of Signatures. It says that there should be signatures of every man. The great trumpet is played, you hear a small voice and strong, the angels shudder, saying, "This is the Day of Judgement" because the ministers of God are not pure before Him as a shepherd leads his flock, passing under his stick, so God passes every living thing in front of him, to establish the limits of life of every creature and to define its destiny. New Year's Day the decree is drawn, the Day of Atonement it is sealed: who shall live and who shall die ... But repentance, prayer and charity can avoid the cruel decree. "
The" Crown of Majesty "by Ibn Gabirol is added to the Sephardic liturgy in the evening service, and is also read in some synagogues Ashkenazi and Italian. At the heart of the old liturgy is the confession of sins. "Because we are not so presumptuous to say that we are right and we have no sin, but, in reality, we have sinned ... it is your will that I sin no more, I like to wash my sins past, according to your goodness, but not with severe punishments. "
The traditional melodies with their plaintive tones (the Ashkenazi tradition) give expression to the anguish and uncertainty of the individual against fate and the lament of a people for the lost glories. On the day of atonement the observant jew forget your high society and its needs and, excluding the hatred, dislike, and all ignoble thoughts, tries to deal only about spiritual things. The Jewish prayer books point out that if the public acts of contrition are required, the correction is more effective than established by the biblical prophets, who teach that the true fast which God delights is the spirit of devotion, kindness and repentance.
The austere ceremony impressed by the time of its establishment has been preserved to this day. Even if other things have become obsolete, the grip on the conscience of every jew is so strong that few, unless they have severed all ties with Judaism, avoid observing the day of atonement astenedosi from daily work and participating in functions.
Source: wikipedia
http://www.comunitadibologna.it/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=194
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